Class 10 English — Footprints Without Feet · Chapter 8 NotesBholi

Read Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 8 Bholi notes: summary, themes, character of Bholi, her teacher's role, key points and FAQs for revision.

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Chapter contents

Chapter summary

Bholi by K.A. Abbas is the story of Sulekha, a neglected girl in a prosperous farmer's family who is nicknamed Bholi, the simpleton. A fall in infancy, an attack of small-pox and a stammer make her the child nobody values, and she is sent to school only because her parents see no other future for her. There a kind teacher's patience and encouragement awaken hope in her. Years later, when a greedy bridegroom demands money after seeing her pock-marked face, Bholi refuses the marriage in a clear, firm voice and chooses to serve her parents and teach in the same school. The chapter shows how education and self-respect can free a person from social oppression, and it invites students to think about equality, dignity and the courage to say no.

What you'll learn

1Describe Bholi's childhood and the neglect she faced at home
2Explain why Bholi was sent to school and how she felt on her first day
3Analyse the role of Bholi's teacher in changing the course of her life
4Trace how education builds Bholi's confidence over the years
5Evaluate the marriage proposal and the reason Bholi rejects it
6Interpret why the narrator calls her Sulekha again at the end
7Discuss the themes of social oppression, gender inequality and self-respect

Chapter at a glance

01Bholi's Life: Poverty and Neglect
02Education Transforms Bholi's Future
03Marriage Proposal and Bholi's Courage
04Breaking Free from Social Oppression

Detailed chapter notes

01

Bholi's Childhood: Neglect and Loneliness

Bholi's real name was Sulekha, but everyone called her Bholi, the simpleton. When she was ten months old she fell off her cot on her head, which perhaps damaged part of her brain, so she remained a backward child. At two she had an attack of small-pox that left her body permanently disfigured with deep black pock-marks; only her eyes were saved. She could not speak till she was five, and when she learnt to speak she stammered. Other children mimicked her, so she talked very little. Ramlal, a Numberdar and prosperous farmer, had seven children. His sons studied in city schools and colleges, and his elder daughters were good-looking and easy to marry. Only Bholi had neither good looks nor intelligence, and her father was worried about her.

  • Bholi's real nameSulekha
  • Cause of her backwardnessa fall on her head as a baby
  • Small-pox left her face and body pock-marked
  • She stammered and was mocked by other children
02

Why Bholi Was Sent to School

When Bholi was seven, Mangla was married and a primary school for girls opened in the village. The Tehsildar sahib, who came for the opening ceremony, told Ramlal that as a revenue official and the government's representative in the village he must set an example and send his daughters to school. Ramlal lacked the courage to disobey him, but his wife was horrified: if girls went to school, who would marry them? In the end she suggested sending Bholi, since there was little chance of her marrying anyway with her ugly face and lack of sense. So Bholi was sent to school not out of love or ambition for her, but because she was considered the least marriageable daughter.

  • Tehsildar sahib urged Ramlal to set an example by sending his daughters to school
  • Ramlal's wife feared that educated girls would not find husbands
  • Bholi was chosen because her marriage prospects seemed hopeless
03

Bholi's First Day at School

Bholi was frightened when her father took her to school; she remembered how the old cow Lakshmi had been turned out of the house and sold. New clothes had never been made for her, and she wore her sisters' old, shrunk dresses, but that day she was bathed and given a clean dress, which made her believe she was being taken to a place better than her home. At school she sat in a corner, afraid of the laughing girls, and could not say her name without stammering. The lady teacher, however, spoke to her in a soft, soothing voice, encouraged her to say her full name, patted her affectionately and told her that if she put the fear out of her heart she would speak like everyone else. She promised that in time Bholi would be more learned than anyone in the village and that people would listen to her with respect. Bholi went home with a new hope and a new life.

  • Bholi feared school because she thought she was being sent away like the cow Lakshmi
  • The teacher's gentleness was unlike anything Bholi had known at home
  • The teacher promised that education would win her respect and remove her stammer
04

Education Transforms Bholi

Years passed, the village grew into a small town, the little primary school became a high school, and a cinema, a cotton ginning mill and a railway station came up. Bholi grew up in this changing world and continued her education. The teacher's words proved true: Bholi became a confident, educated young woman who could think for herself. Education gave her not only knowledge but also the courage to judge people and situations. When her parents discussed Bishamber's proposal, Bholi lay awake on her cot in the courtyard, listening to their whispered conversation, and understood exactly what kind of man was being chosen for her.

  • The village developed into a small town during these years
  • Bholi's schooling continued and shaped her confidence
  • She silently observed her parents' discussion about her marriage
05

The Marriage Proposal

Bishamber Nath was a well-to-do grocer from another village, about the same age as Ramlal, lame, and with grown-up children from his first wife. He asked for no dowry, and Bholi's mother thought she would be lucky to get such a bridegroom; she argued that he did not know about Bholi's pock-marks and lack of sense, and that if this proposal was refused Bholi might remain unmarried all her life. Ramlal wondered what Bholi would say, but his wife dismissed her as a witless dumb cow. Bholi, listening in the courtyard, said nothing. On the wedding day Bishamber arrived with a band, a large party of friends and relations, and a decorated horse. Ramlal was overjoyed at the pomp, and Bholi's sisters envied her luck.

  • Bishamber Natha well-to-do grocer, lame, elderly, with grown children
  • He asked for no dowry at first
  • Bholi's parents accepted the proposal without consulting her
06

Bholi's Courage: Breaking Free

At the wedding, when the veil was slipped back from Bholi's face, Bishamber saw her pock-marks and stopped with the garland poised in his hands. He demanded five thousand rupees from Ramlal, who placed his turban, his honour, at the bridegroom's feet and begged him to take two thousand. Bishamber refused and threatened to go back. Weeping, Ramlal counted out five thousand rupees and placed the bundle at his feet. Bishamber smiled triumphantly and asked for the garland. But this time Bholi looked straight at him with cold contempt, struck out her hand like a streak of lightning and flung the garland into the fire. Speaking clearly and without the slightest stammer, she told her father to take back his money and declared that she would not marry such a mean, greedy and contemptible coward. When an old woman called her shameless, Bholi answered that the dumb cow was now speaking. Bishamber and his party left, and the sacred fire slowly died down.

  • Bishamber demanded five thousand rupees after seeing Bholi's face
  • Ramlal paid the money to save his izzat
  • Bholi flung the garland into the fire and refused the marriage
  • She spoke clearly, without stammering, for the first time
07

Sulekha's New Life and the Teacher's Pride

When everyone had gone, Ramlal asked Bholi what would become of her, since no one would marry her now. Sulekha answered in a calm, steady voice that he should not worry: in his old age she would serve him and her mother, and she would teach in the same school where she had learnt so much. She turned to her teacher, who had stood in a corner watching the whole drama, and the teacher agreed. In her smiling eyes was the deep satisfaction of an artist contemplating the completion of a masterpiece. The story ends with Bholi being called Sulekha again, her real name, because she has at last become her own person — educated, self-respecting and free.

  • Bholi chose to serve her parents and teach in her old school
  • The teacher's satisfaction is compared to an artist's pride in a finished masterpiece
  • The return of the name Sulekha marks her new identity and dignity
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Quick revision: key points

  • Bholi's real name is Sulekha; she was called Bholi, the simpleton, because of her backwardness.
  • A fall on her head as a baby, an attack of small-pox and a stammer shaped her neglected childhood.
  • She was sent to school only because the Tehsildar insisted and her parents thought she would never marry.
  • Her teacher's kindness and encouragement gave her hope and the confidence to speak.
  • Bishamber Nath demanded five thousand rupees after seeing her pock-marked face.
  • Bholi flung the garland into the fire and refused to marry a mean, greedy and contemptible coward.
  • She chose to serve her parents and teach in the same school where she had learnt so much.
  • The story's themes are education, self-respect, gender inequality and freedom from social oppression.

Test yourself

Try each question first, then reveal the answer.

Question 01

What was Bholi's real name?

  • ASulekha
  • BSavitri
  • CSunita
  • DSudha
Show answer
Answer: (A) Sulekha

Bholi's real name was Sulekha. 'Bholi' means simple or innocent, which was a nickname given to her.

Question 02

What was Bholi's real name?

  • ASulekha
  • BLakshmi
  • CRadha
  • DSavitri
Show answer
Answer: (A) Sulekha

Bholi's real name was Sulekha. 'Bholi' was a nickname given to her by her family.

Question 03

What was Bholi's real name in the story?

  • ASulekha
  • BLakshmi
  • CKamla
  • DPriya
Show answer
Answer: (A) Sulekha

Bholi's real name was Sulekha. She was called 'Bholi' because she was considered simple-minded.

Question 04

Why was Bholi called 'Bholi' by her family?

  • ABecause she was very intelligent
  • BBecause she was simple-minded and not very bright
  • CBecause she was very beautiful
  • DBecause she was very talkative
Show answer
Answer: (B) Because she was simple-minded and not very bright

Bholi was called 'Bholi' because she was considered simple-minded and not very intelligent by her family members.

Question 05

Why was Bholi called 'Bholi' by her family?

  • ABecause she was very intelligent
  • BBecause she was simple-minded and innocent
  • CBecause she was very beautiful
  • DBecause she was the oldest child
Show answer
Answer: (B) Because she was simple-minded and innocent

Bholi was called 'Bholi' (meaning innocent or simple) because she was considered simple-minded due to her speech defect and lack of education.

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Sample questions and answers

Sample question3 marks

Q1. How was Bholi neglected at home? Give two examples from the text.

Show model answer
Model answer

Bholi was neglected at home in several ways. For instance, she never had new clothes made for her; she wore the old, unwashed, and unmended dresses of her sisters. Also, when she was taken to school, her father had to tell his wife to give her decent clothes and have her bathed and oiled, indicating that such care was not usually given to her. This shows that her parents did not pay attention to her needs or appearance.

Sample question3 marks

Q2. How did Bholi's teacher play an important role in changing the course of her life?

Show model answer
Model answer

Bholi's teacher was kind and patient. She spoke to Bholi in a soft and soothing voice, which touched her heart. She encouraged Bholi to speak without fear, praised her small efforts, and gave her a book with colourful pictures. She motivated Bholi by promising that she would become learned and respected, which filled Bholi with hope and confidence. This transformed Bholi from a timid, stammering girl into a confident person who could speak clearly and stand up for herself.

Sample question3 marks

Q3. Why did Bholi initially agree to marry Bishamber Nath, and what made her change her mind at the wedding?

Show model answer
Model answer

Bholi agreed to marry Bishamber Nath because she wanted to uphold her family's honour and was willing to sacrifice her own happiness for her parents. However, when Bishamber demanded a dowry of five thousand rupees after seeing her pock-marks, Bholi realized he was mean, greedy, and contemptible. She refused to marry a coward who valued money over her dignity, showing her newfound courage and self-respect.

Sample question3 marks

Q4. How did Bholi's teacher play a pivotal role in helping her break free from social oppression?

Show model answer
Model answer

Bholi's teacher was the first person to treat her with kindness and respect. She spoke softly, encouraged her to overcome her stammer, and gave her a book with pictures. She motivated Bholi by saying that in time she would become more learned than anyone in the village and no one would laugh at her. This gave Bholi hope and confidence, enabling her to transform from a timid, neglected girl into a self-assured individual who could assert her rights.

Sample question3 marks

Q5. Why was Bholi considered a 'simpleton'? What were the physical and mental challenges she faced from childhood?

Show model answer
Model answer

Bholi was considered a 'simpleton' because she was a backward child, likely due to a head injury from falling off a cot at ten months. She also had an attack of smallpox at two, which left her face and body disfigured with pock-marks. Additionally, she could not speak till she was five, and when she did, she stammered. These physical and mental challenges made her the target of mockery, and she spoke very little.

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Frequently asked questions

Why is Bholi's father worried about her?

Ramlal is worried because Bholi has neither good looks nor intelligence. A fall in infancy left her backward, small-pox left her face pock-marked, and she stammered. Unlike her healthy, good-looking sisters, she seemed unlikely to find a bridegroom, so her future troubled him.

Why was Bholi sent to school?

The Tehsildar sahib told Ramlal that as a revenue official he must set an example by sending his daughters to school. Ramlal dared not disobey, but his wife suggested sending Bholi because, with her ugly face and lack of sense, there was little chance of her getting married anyway.

How did Bholi's teacher change her life?

The teacher spoke to Bholi softly, encouraged her to say her name, patted her affectionately and told her to put the fear out of her heart. She promised that education would make Bholi more learned than anyone in the village and win her respect. This kindness gave Bholi hope and confidence.

Why did Bholi refuse to marry Bishamber Nath?

Bishamber stopped the wedding after seeing Bholi's pock-marks and demanded five thousand rupees from her father. Bholi was willing to marry him for the sake of her father's izzat, but she refused to accept a mean, greedy and contemptible coward as her husband, so she flung the garland into the fire.

Why is Bholi called Sulekha at the end of the story?

Bholi was her childhood nickname, given because she was considered a simpleton. At the end, after she speaks up for herself, refuses the unequal marriage and chooses her own future, the narrator calls her Sulekha again to show that she has become her true, dignified and independent self.

What is the main theme of the chapter Bholi?

The chapter shows how education and self-respect can free a person from social oppression. It highlights the neglect and gender inequality Bholi faces, the transforming power of a teacher's encouragement, and the courage of a young woman who refuses to be treated as a dumb cow and chooses her own life.

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